I know this is an old thread but I'm developing tweaks on Linux and older versions of the SDK (9.2) are all that have really worked for me. Specifically Coolstar's pre-packaged Theos + 9.2:
https://t.co/Ukyf64BUOx
Now, the above will give you error 126 when packaging... if you execute ~/theos/bin/dpkg-deb, you will likely see an error about a valid perl target not being present at /usr/bin/perl.... however you also probably have perl installed! The issue is with the release's windows line endings - the whole directory needs to be converted to Unix ones, using :set fileformat=unix through vim or using dos2unix.
hopefully this helps someone